Role of GPS in navigation, Fleet Management and other Location Based Services!

Introduction

Global Positioning System (G.P.S.) and its role in advanced transportation projects have become a synonym that is indivisible. We like to talk or take a project whenever people, which will automate the management and operation of vehicles and give users real-time information, allowing customers/customers to take real-time information. Passengers will get a cost effective and satisfied service, and then planners and other decision-making officers will not get any other effective tools except GPS

What is GPS?

GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is the only system that today is able to show you its exact position anytime, anywhere, in any weather on Earth. Ground stations, located around the world, constantly monitor them. Satellites transmit a signal that can be detected by a person with a GPS receiver. Using the receiver, you can determine your location with great accuracy. GPS is one of the most exciting and revolutionary developments in history, and new uses are constantly being explored.

GPS Elements

GPS consists of 3 parts: space segment, user segment and control section. The space segment has 24 satellites, each of which has 11,000 nautical miles above Earth in its orbit. The user section contains receivers, which you can hold in your hand or mount in your car. The control section includes ground stations (five of them, located around the world) that ensure that satellites are functioning properly. GPS satellites each take 12 hours to orbit the Earth. The satellites are equipped with very precise clocks, which hold precise time within three nanoseconds - 0.000000003, or three billion, of a second. This exact time is important because the receiver should determine how long it takes for the signal from each GPS satellite. To help you understand gps systems, take three parts of the system - satellites, receivers and ground control and discuss them in more detail.

Satellites in Space

The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978. The first 10 satellites were development satellites, called Block I. From 1989 to 1993, 23 production satellites, called Block II, were launched. The launch of the 24th satellite in 1994 completed the system.

Ground Control Stations and Receivers

Ground Control Stations

The GPS Control, or Ground, segment includes unmanned monitor stations located around the world (located in the Hawaiian and Quazaline Pacific Oceans; Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean; Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean; and Colorado Springs, Colorado). a master ground station at Schrijver (Falcon) Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado; and four large ground antenna stations that transmit signals to satellites. Stations also monitor and monitor GPS satellites.

Receivers

GPS receivers can be placed or installed on aircraft, ships, tanks, submarines, cars and trucks. These receivers detect, decode and process GPS satellite signals. The typical hand-holding receiver is about the size of a cellular telephone, and the new models weigh only smaller than 28 ounces.

How GPS Works?

So you can easily understand some scientific theories that GPS works, let's discuss the basic features of the system. The principle behind GPS is the measurement of the distance (or "range") between receivers and satellites. The satellites also tell us where they are in their orbits above the earth. It works something like this: if we know our exact distance from a satellite in space, we know that we are on the surface of a hypothetical area that is equal to the distance of the radius. If we know our exact distance from two satellites, we know that we are located somewhere on the line where two shells intersect. And, if we take the third measurement, there are only two possible points where we can be located. One of these is usually impossible, and GPS receivers have mathematical ways of eliminating impossible location.

GPS Uses in Everyday Life!

The GPS system was developed to meet the military needs of the Defence Department, but new ways of using its capabilities are constantly being found. The system has been used in aircraft and ships, but there are many other ways to benefit from GPS. Vehicle tracking is one of the fastest growing GPS applications. GPS-equipped fleet vehicles, public transport systems, delivery trucks and courier services use receivers to monitor their locations at all times.

GPS is also helping to save lives. Many police, fire and emergency medical services units prescribe a police car, fire truck, or ambulance for an emergency situation using GPS receivers, allowing quick response in life or death situations.

Automobile manufacturers are offering moving-map displays guided by GPS receivers as an alternative to new vehicles. Many car companies are showcasing GPS-equipped vehicles that guide drivers on display screens and through synthesized voice instructions.

GPS in Navigation

Do You know TomTom GPS Maps is only one and best gps service provider in worldwide!

What is navigation?

From prehistoric times, people have been trying to figure out a reliable way to tell where they are, to help guide them where they are going, and to bring them back home again. The caverns probably used stones when they hunted for food. These marks used to erase. Of time. At the earliest, the Mariners kept away from the coast and saved them from being lost. The next major developments in search of the correct method of navigation were magnetic compass and sextant. The needle of the compass always points north, so it is always possible to know which direction you are going in. The sextant above the horizon uses adjustable mirrors to measure the exact angle of the stars, moon and sun. However, in the early days of its use, it was only possible to determine the latitude (measured south of the earth or from the equator) from adjacent observations. The sailors were still unable to determine their longitude (the location on earth measures east or west).

In 1761, a cabinetmaker named John Harrison developed a shipboard watch called chronometer, lost or received for only one second a day - incredibly accurate for the time being. For the next two centuries, sextants and chronometers were used in combination to provide latitude and longitude information.

Several radio-based navigation systems were developed in the early 20th century, which were widely used during World War II. Some ground-based radio-navigation systems are still in use today. One drawback of using radio waves generated on the ground is that you have to choose between a system that is very precise, but does not cover a wide area, or cover a wide area, but not very precise. High-frequency radio waves (e.g. UHF TVs) can provide accurate positioning space but can only be picked up in a small, local area. Low-frequency radio waves (e.g. AM radios) can cover a large area, but are not accurate.

Scientists decided that the only way to provide coverage for the whole world was to place high-frequency radio transmitters in space. A special coded signal can cover a large area with a transmitter sending high frequency radio wave above the earth. This is one of the main principles behind gps systems.

Navigation may be required in land, air and water or in the sea. Every modification in the process of processing and data accuracy of data required for each purpose can be provided with some modification.

Navigation in Land

GPS improves efficiency even on land. Satellite navigation capabilities, coupled with communication and modern computerized management systems, can help meet many transportation challenges facing all modes of surface transport.

Currently, it is being used to add a new dimension to automatic vehicle location and in-vehicle navigation systems. GPS helps motorists find their way by showing their position and desired route on the dashboard display.

NAVSTAR and GLONASS systems use the principle of trilanation. Namely, the user's receiver determines the distance of several satellites from the user. Since the status of the satellites is known, either through the previous publication or as part of the satellite's broadcast information, the user's status can be calculated.

The display of vehicle status can be taken on a device the size of a mobile phone or palmtop. A central monitoring station or central station can inspect the service status. The various services that can be provided by the Central Monitoring Station may be as follows:

• When emergency assistance is required, it can be at a stage of health problems, gone out of the way.
• Looking for facilities in a highway such as public amenities or restaurants etc.
• Exploring a route that is less, less congested and that will touch the required places or ease.
• The list is very long and the end is short. As long as the technology helps, the navigation facility will reach a point at which vehicles will become smart vehicles, which are self-propelled vehicles. In which we only have to give the destination, then sit, read the newspaper or talk on the phone, the vehicle will take us to our destination.
• GPS integrated with VHF and HF radio is being introduced to army, navy and air force. It assists the cop for automatic reporting of the position of the detachment to navigate and control the station without the help of a map.

Transit

Transit was the first operational satellite navigation system. The transit system allowed the user to determine the position by measuring the Doppler shift of a radio signal transmitted by the satellite. The user was able to calculate the position within a few hundred meters.

There are many shortcomings in the system.

• The system is naturally two-dimensional.
• The user's velocity should be taken into account.
• Mutual intervention between satellites limited the total number of satellites to five. Thus, the satellite will appear only for a limited time.

These drawbacks largely eliminate aviation applications and severely limited land-based applications.

NAVSTAR

NAVSTAR GPS System is a satellite-based radio navigation system developed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defence (DOD). The NAVSTAR system allows land, sea and air users to determine their three-dimensional position, velocity, and 24 hours of the day, in all seasons, anywhere with accurate and accurateness than other radio navigation systems available today.

Navistar performs another function in addition to system positioning and time transfer. NAVSTAR satellites carry nuclear explosion detection equipment.

GLONASS

Current Russian satellite-based positioning system – counterpart to NAVSTAR

Sea Navigation

Satellite navigation provides unprecedented accuracy and capability for mariners. GPS is a powerful tool that can save the ship's navigator hours from celestial observation and calculation. GPS has improved the efficient routing of ships and makes it possible to report accurate positioning to the rescue team at the time of the disaster.

GPS helps fishermen access potential phishing zones (PFX) and avoids blind traps. The vis system monitors ships at sea at any time. It assists in rescue operations in case of emergencies and helps in avoiding smuggling and illegal activities. Access to faster and accurate positioning, course and speed information will save time and fuel through a more efficient traffic route.

Navigation in the Air

Satellite navigation is being widely used by aviators worldwide to address many of the shortcomings of today's air traffic infrastructure. Pilots rely on GPS to go to their destination. With its accurate, continuous, all-weather, three (GPS only) and four (GPS with enhancements) dimensional coverage, Satellite Navigation provides an initial navigation service that will meet the many requirements of users worldwide.

Many worldwide airline fleets are installing GPS airborne receivers for immediate use in enrouted and non-precise approach operations. GPS provides a navigation service, better than existing ground-based systems, and in most cases, at a fraction of the cost. GPS provides a cheap and reliable complement of existing navigation techniques for aircraft. Civilian aircraft usually fly from one ground beacon, or waypoint to another. With GPS, an aircraft's computers can be programmed to fly a direct route to the destination.

In the aviation sector, GPS has increased significant cost savings and overall system efficiency. Many aviation authorities are taking necessary steps to allow more advanced use of GPs in their respective airspace.

The implementation of this technology in a country or region will benefit aviation transport:

• Enhancing flight safety throughout the region.
• Based on standardized navigation service and general avionics, the entire CAR/CAR is not the same. Create an intuitive navigation service in the SAM area.
• Increasing the capacity of the system.
• Significant savings from short flight time and critical fuel consumption.
• Improve ground and cockpit situational awareness.
• Increase landing capacity for aircraft and helicopters.

Fleet Management

A vehicle tracking system can thus be defined as a part of a fleet management system, enabling the operator of the fleet to locate the vehicle's location during the vehicle's journey against time.

In addition to using the data generated by the vehicle tracking system to implement the bus's schedule, it also provides important input for data decision making. The system facilitates calculating the exact distance travelled over a certain time period, calculating the speed of the bus at a certain location, analysing the time to cover the fixed distance by vehicle and so on. It becomes a very powerful tool in the case of operational agencies.

The paper will now only discuss public transport. Later, fleet management will be discussed in the case of rail and aviation sector.

Fleet management for public transport vehicles

Fleet management incorporates many of the vehicle-based technologies and innovations for more effective vehicle and fleet planning, scheduling and operation. Fleet management focuses on the vehicle, which improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the service provided (the "supply side"), and on passenger safety. This makes transit more efficient and reliable, it should be more attractive to potential riders, transit operators and municipalities.

The techniques and innovations described are:

Communications Systems

The transport community already makes adequate use of communication in everyday activities. The application of various technologies for public transport will meet additional communication requirements. APTS and Smart

Vehicle technology will require communication for such integrated functions:

• Bus and Control Canter Communication
• Rent payments;
• adaptive signal systems;
• Weatherised/ Weatherised Transfer Centre Transit and On-Board Information Inter Modal Information.

In all APTS tasks requiring communication, by far the most important is the bus/bus. Control Canter is the link. The application of new communication techniques in the transit industry has become limited. Transport companies are now replacing their old analog communication systems with new digital systems, and a number have changed either plans to convert analog or digital trunked communication systems. In a trunked system, the available spectrum is divided into multiple channels and any channel that is not currently used receives signals automatically or transmitted. Geographical Information System

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is described as "a system of computer hardware, software, and processes designed to support capture, manage, manipulate, analyze, counterreformer and perform spatially referred to data..." In transit environments, GIS can. AVL is used to solve complex planning problems, operations planning and other management and operational needs, including operations.

GIS is a combination of an electronic map and a relational database that allows the user to visualize and analyse the relationship between non-related data whose only common feature is that information shares the same geographic location.

Use of GIS to perform the following and/or not the following. Or for analysis which can be combined with GPS for fleet management.

• Bus routes, roads, parking lots, facilities, shelter locations, rider loading, walking time, scheduling, bus assignment,
• Bus Route Maps, Trip Planning Route Options, On-Time Performance Data, Multi-Media Display, Sales Outlet Planning
• Customer address location, service qualification determination, and service performance statistics

Since this report was not requested to know the GIS system during the data collection effort, it is not possible to determine the extent of GIS deployment. However, transit operators with global positioning system AVL systems usually also have GIS.

Automatic Vehicle Location

The use of AVL is increasing in transit applications, driven by the following expected benefits:

• Increase overall remittance and operational efficiency;
• More reliable service, promoting increased passengers;
• Quick response to service disruptions;
• Input for passenger information systems;
• Increase driver and passenger safety and safety;
• Quick notice of mechanical problems with vehicles, reducing maintenance costs;
• Traffic signal input for preferential treatment actuators; And The system operates by measuring the actual real-time position of each vehicle and relaying the information to the central location.

Automatic Passenger Counters

Automated passenger counters are a well-established, automated means for passenger boarding and collecting data based on time and location. These data can be used for several applications, including both real-time and delayed:

• Input for dispatcher decisions on immediate corrective action
• Input into real-time passenger information system
• Future scheduling
• New shelter status for waiting passengers

The two most common technologies used to register boarding and altings are infrared beams and treadmill mats. Whenever they climb or descend on the vehicle, two infrared beams are usually placed in the way of passengers. As a passenger board, he disrupts the beam in a particular order, and registers APC boarding. Similarly, as a traveler, he disrupts the beams in reverse order, and registers the APC elating. About these different data

• No number of passengers in the bus.
• The distance he travelled to him.
• Funds collected on a real-time basis.
• Central Control Station (CAD) enabled for total computer dispatch

CAD can intelligently perform its operation such as controlling the dispatch of vehicles by carrying real-time demand on the route, it can make necessary changes to the vehicle's route when the vehicle is in a congested route. This automated monitoring can manually reduce the likelihood of making the wrong decision.

Fleet management for commercial vehicles

With regard to commercial applications of GPS it is now in use for vehicle tracking. Delivery trucks can get GPS signals and instantly transmit their position to a central dispatcher. These enable commercial operators to plan their operations and help users decide when they will receive their use of the consignment.

Use of GPS in fleet management mainly leads to

• Efficient, customized, flexible and user-preferred route structures.
• Reduce costs for each organization by increasing the overall benefit to the individuals of the States and the entire region.
• Delivery companies will be able to plan routes for delivery in optimum efficiency.
• The whole top can provide a source of revenue for the government and assist in financing an integrated transport system.

Fleet management for aircrafts

All aircraft equipped with certified GPS receivers will have the accuracy, integrity and availability required for them to use GPS. Using GPS as navigation assistance can be proper fleet management. It can assist in automatic dispatch of aeroplanes using the full service capability of runways or other management facilities. Automation improves efficiency by manpower shortages, time constraints and missed handling.

Fleet management for railways

Many rail systems include long sections of single track. Accurate knowledge of where the train is located is necessary to prevent track, maintain smooth flow of traffic, and reduce costly delays due to waiting for clearance for track usage. Satellite navigation provides the ability for rail traffic management systems to detect sound conditions, whether it be to manage the movement of cars and engines in the switchyard, or to ensure the safety of the working party. The current technology will also allow fully automated train control through a differential GPS capability, digital maps and the use of onboard inertial units. Systems in Western countries such as New York

Total fleet arrival and departure control is automatically controlled by the station, which are achieving vehicle status using GPS. These facilities enable operators to remove the human factor from fleet management operations. These increase the efficiency of operations with any complexity in management.

All these are in part of fleet management operations. Apart from these, a lot of operations will also be automated using GPS.

These are some applications

• Prepare reports for operating daily or online operating fleets.
• Creation of automatic wage bill to private operator.
• Origin and origin of destination data for rationalization and schedule changes of future route.
• Checking the authenticity of public grievances regarding efficient operation etc.

Fleet management and GPS in India

 Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) in India began managing the inter-state fleet using GPS for the first time. But the system does not work very well.

Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC)

Electronics Funded Project Department of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation. An application of the projects is to control private operators by getting information about the route decided by bus and timing. The goal is to generate billing information based on the travel route. Route kilometre data will be validated by vehicle monitoring system at control centre for violations in route and time. The system generates many reports and statements based on questions such as settling in a given route at a given time of day, etc.

The GPS receiver is placed on the target vehicle. The latitude and longitude of the vehicle transmitted by the GPS module, written in local memory. The off-line monitoring system processes the information stored in the GPS receiver's memory to obtain the necessary vehicle monitoring information. The management of a bus fleet essentially involves ensuring timely arrival and dispatch of buses. They also ensure that the bus touches the end points according to the schedule. Bangalore City's Urban Transport Corporation has 2300 buses and about 33000 trips, and these journeys pass through about 1000 bus stops in the city. These systems relieve vehicle tracking from traditional type traffic controllers/controllers. Timekeepers will be taken manually by posting to some important points. This manual tracking does not give enough accuracy. It depends entirely on human alertness. GPS data on the other hand is very authentic and tamper-proof, and data generated in the form of entries can easily be used for computer processing.

Developing a vehicle-tracking project for fleet management is generally followed for the following steps:

• Digitization of road map for the city.
• Developing GPS receiver modules.
• Development of software, which provides interface between GIS and GPS.
• Development of error correction software.
• Development of analysis software

The GPS receiver module formed the heart of the system. Each receiver has the facility to store unique IDs and is able to record the coordinates of his location every minute. A memory module was also added to the receiver, which was able to store three days of recording. In each record, the first entry represents latitude-N and the second entry indicates longitude-E (in both degrees, minutes and seconds), followed by time (hour, minute and second) and date. When GPS coordinates were plotted on the city's GIS map, it was found that the recordings were not sitting on the streets at all. Many errors were responsible for this. The resolution of the satellite map was only 20 meters, at that stage the image of the satellite has to be digitized taking into account some errors, selective availability of GPS signals, signals are not 100% accurate. Software was developed to overcome this problem that was able to pull these coordinates right down the road and thus facilitate the process ahead.

The creation of each schedule was a necessary output to ascertain whether the bus performed on time according to schedule. The location of the bus was necessary from time to time for this purpose. The time interval may vary from one minute to half an hour. The GPS module throws this data in terms of latitude and longitude, but for the traffic controller, it is very difficult to interpret. So on the city's GIS road map, sites were identified at a length of 200 meters each and a layer was created where coordinates of all these sites were fed. The software was designed that would turn the latitude and longitude given by gps into the nearest landmark and then place the bus at periodic intervals in terms of landscape.

Here the first figure in the block gives the covered kilometres from the previous point, the second figure gives time. In addition, finally, the distance travelled by bus is also indicated in a certain time interval. Another software was developed that will animate the speed of the bus.

Automatic Fleet Management System for Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)

Limitations of Present Operation

DTC is facing some problems. Some of them are given below

Fleet Mobilization Operations - Manual

• Depends on the efficiency of the fleet controller
• Absence of real-time monitoring and regulation
• High operating costs
• Prone to human errors - unintentional and intentional
• Absence of historical data for customization

Advanced management fleets are parts of operations that DTC is planning to implement by January 2002.

Elements of fleet management

• Automatic vehicle and monitoring system
• Automatic fare collection system
• Customer Services
• Integrated information system
• Integrated computerized spare parts management system

Vehicle tracking system based on DGPS's vehicle mounted unit, called Dissing, collects data position and interface with automatic fare collection system on the bus. Vehicle information transmitted to central control station in real time using communication system. Pilot Project of DTC

In the first phase, projects have been planned for 200 vehicles on 39 routes from two depots - IP Depot and BBM I Depot. Central control station IPC-ESTATE will be at DTC headquarters. Application software relevant to managing operations - performance, messaging, logging, analysis, reports, etc. are planned. There will be a smart card interface to charge fares from buses. Monitoring and regulation of fleet operations will be in DTC units at IPC and Scandia House where real time can be seen on GIS map vehicles in real time.

The bus location can be noted at any time within 5 meters. It is likely to check whether buses are plying on their routes following the schedule. Whether or not to stop at the specified bus stop. The number of visits covered in each shift can be easily measured. Instant messaging is possible in two way for accident, breakdown, medical, emergency, riots, etc., then there is also a provision for immediate dispatching advice vehicle. Re-scheduling in case of traffic jams, obstacles, picketing/scheduling. Re-routing services can be used. Automatic generation, collection, storage, retrieval and analysis of vehicle data will help operators analyze operations on a real-time basis. Vehicle data must be sent automatically to the central server - with manual collection and verification of data avoiding data that will eliminate human errors in collecting data. and help reduce injustice. A major part of fleet management will be to prepare bills (playbills) for private operators and schools. They will become very precise and no human injustice can be done. All these functions will promote automation in operation and an efficient operation and fleet management.

Traffic Signals Priority

Growing traffic congestion around the world calls for new intelligent traffic systems that can improve critical services such as public transport and emergency vehicle operations.

Traffic signal priority aims to build a better emergency services with project

• Low response time.
• Dangerous passing of red light.
• Provide warnings to incoming ambulance hospitals, and create an increased passenger satisfaction with better public bus services?
• Enable faster routes.
• Provide information to passengers giving the green light to ambulances, firefighters and other emergency vehicles, allowing them to pass through the city faster while cutting response times with critical minutes.
• Giving the green light to buses may delay bus services when they are delayed and thereby improve passenger satisfaction.
• Moving one step further and always giving the green light to buses can be cut off travel time – making public transport a more attractive option for private transport.

General Method for providing traffic signal priority

Bus location information and estimated intersection arrival time will then be passed along the traffic control canter. Control Canter can use one from a set of strategies that we determine to determine whether a bus should be given priority. For example, if the computer notices that a particular bus is running excessively behind the schedule, the bus will be given a big priority in evaluating the value of its request for the green flag. This computer system will use algorithms to allocate priority between buses (late, timely, express, dial-a-ride, etc.) and normal traffic flow. The computer will also need input from the bus system regarding passenger loading and unloading at stops around actively controlled intersections. Central control computers will need real-time input from traffic detectors to accurately determine traffic versions that conflict with different bus movements.

Bus Priority in SCOOT

In 1995 a facility was introduced as part of SCOOT 3.1 to integrate active priority for buses or other public transport vehicles with the normal SCOOT UTC system. The method of doing it is described below:

Detection and Identification

THE SCOOT KERNEL SOFTWARE ALLOWS BUSES TO DETECT EITHER SELECTIVE VEHICLE DETECTORS (SVD), i.e. using bus loops and bus-generated transponders, or as GPS by automatic vehicle location (AVL) system. Where SCOOT is given a bus identifier as part of the bus detection, it can match this identity to the previous identity of the same bus.

Bus Modelling

Buses are lined up by SCOOT with other vehicles. This can give priority to buses, though other vehicles can delay them. The impact of the bus lane can also be based on those in which the stop ends before the line.

Optimisation

Signal timing is optimized to benefit buses by increasing the current green signal (extension) or completing the initial stages (a recall). Extensions can be centrally awarded, or the signal controller can be programmed to implement extensions (local extensions) locally on the road.

Local extension

Extensions provided in the controller can be advantageous because they eliminate the delay of 3 to 4 seconds of transmissions from road to computer and road to road, and therefore the system allows buses to give extensions that arrive in the last few seconds

Recovery

Once the bus signals pass through, the recovery period is meant to bring back the time with normal SCOOT optimization.

Restrictions on priority

The amount of priority to be given to buses as per model by SCOT can be restricted based on saturation of the junction. This means that bus priority at junctions will be the most effective, which has additional capacity.

Bus SCOOT and Bus Detection Systems.

The logic of bus priority does not depend on the method of detecting buses, which may vary from system to system. The detection method can be based on the transponder; This can be obtained from the automatic vehicle location; Or it may be based on another system that provides the appropriate information. Appropriate information is the key element in THE SCOOT BUS PRIORITY. THE SCOOT requires a hint of the bus's presence at a link, the bus's free flow travel time reaches the detection position of the bus as the stop line and queue time are clear.

The presence of a bus does not have to be indicated at a certain location on a link, and information on a bus can be submitted more than once on the same link.

It is expected that, by prioritizing on a selective basis, the following benefits will be achieved:

• Travel time regularity/regularity Improving reliability
• Low passenger waiting halls
• Targeted targets towards high occupancy buses
• Low impact on other traffic

In London, the AVL system provides real-time bus space and headway data, which is used by a new headway regularity algorithm to determine the best level of priority required for each bus.

One of the applications of gps utility in location based services to provide real-time information to a passenger waiting at bus stops.

Bus priority survey results are found in London to cut orders by 16 to 22% in vehicular delays at the intersection.

Accuracy of the GPS -system in signal priority

Pure GPS (Common Position System) -Location data is not accurate enough due to random disturbances of GPS-system. This is not a problem, however, for the bus detection system because GPS-location data is used for the location of the bus-stop: the bus is located only if the next gate of the bus is opened at the bus stop.

The figure on the right is an example of the points where messages for traffic signals are sent by bus. Each detecting area can be found by figure. This will prove that the accuracy of gps-location is sufficient to accurately detect bus stops.

GPS and incident management

Accident management can be done effectively in highways or any urban road using GPS. When some incident takes place, disruption of vehicular traffic can be tracked by GPS transponders by sending messages to the control station for help.

Conclusions

The immediate and exponential benefits offered by GPs result in safer and more efficient transport infrastructure, which can positively affect the business potential and economic viability of a region. GPS can truly act as a catalyst for business and economic growth for those who take advantage of it individually. The use of GPS in the head of navigation, fleet management and some location-based services is numerology and it's up to the technologist to use it for what purpose. India is also in the stage of implementing GPS to solve some of its problems in the transport sector. But this is a very late starting problem that we have a long way to go that is now impossible to solve using traditional methods.